104 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
104 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
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#ios
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osascript 是 macOS 系统自带的 AppleScript 和 JavaScript 解释器，主要用于通过命令行执行自动化脚本操作。以下是关键信息：
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### 核心功能
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1. 执行 AppleScript
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``` shell
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# 弹出对话框
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osascript -e 'display dialog "Hello macOS"'
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```
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2. 运行 JavaScript (JXA)
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``` shell
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# 使用 JavaScript 操作 Finder
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osascript -l JavaScript -e 'Application("Finder").emptyTrash()'
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```
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3. 脚本文件执行
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``` shell
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osascript /path/to/script.scpt
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```
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### 典型应用场景
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```
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| 场景 | 示例命令 |
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| 系统控制 | osascript -e 'tell app "System Events" to shut down' |
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| 应用自动化 | osascript -e 'tell app "Safari" to open location "https://example.com"'|
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| 文件操作 | osascript -e 'tell app "Finder" to delete file "test.txt"' |
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| 数据交换 | osascript -e 'text returned of (display dialog "输入内容" default answer "")' |
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```
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### 高级用法
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1. 传递参数
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``` shell
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osascript -e 'on run argv' -e 'return item 1 of argv' -e 'end run' -- "参数"
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```
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2. 获取返回值
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``` shell
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result=$(osascript -e 'return "输出内容"')
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echo $result # 输出：输出内容
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```
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3. 与 Shell 脚本集成
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``` shell
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# 获取当前WiFi名称
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wifi_name=$(osascript -e 'do shell script "networksetup -getairportnetwork en0 | cut -c 24-"')
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```
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### 安全限制
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- macOS 10.15+ 需要授权：
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系统偏好设置 → 安全性与隐私 → 自动化
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!自动化权限设置
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- 敏感操作需终端授权：
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``` shell
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# 首次执行会弹出权限请求
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osascript -e 'tell app "Terminal" to do script "echo hello"'
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```
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### 性能对比
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| 脚本类型 | 启动时间 | 内存占用 | 适用场景 |
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|--------------|----------|----------|-----------------------|
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| AppleScript | 快 | 低 | 系统级自动化 |
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| JavaScript | 中 | 中 | 复杂数据处理 |
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| Python | 慢 | 高 | 跨平台/复杂逻辑 |
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---
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### 替代方案
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- Swift 脚本：性能更好，但学习成本高
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- Python/Ruby：跨平台但需要环境配置
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- Automator：图形化操作但灵活性低
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建议：需要深度 macOS 集成时优先使用 osascript，跨平台需求则选择其他语言。
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